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国内域名网站有那些,电子商务网站设计中影响客户体验的元素有,简单建设一个网站的过程,网站备案变更单位名称本文详解Jenkins的安装配置、Pipeline编写、自动化构建部署的完整实践。前言 持续集成/持续部署#xff08;CI/CD#xff09;是现代软件开发的标配#xff1a; 自动化构建#xff1a;代码提交后自动编译打包自动化测试#xff1a;每次构建自动运行测试自动化部署#xff…本文详解Jenkins的安装配置、Pipeline编写、自动化构建部署的完整实践。前言持续集成/持续部署CI/CD是现代软件开发的标配自动化构建代码提交后自动编译打包自动化测试每次构建自动运行测试自动化部署测试通过后自动发布Jenkins是最流行的开源CI/CD工具插件生态丰富1800插件支持各种语言和框架Pipeline as Code今天来搭建一套完整的Jenkins CI/CD环境。一、Jenkins部署1.1 Docker部署推荐# docker-compose.ymlversion:3.8services:jenkins:image:jenkins/jenkins:ltscontainer_name:jenkinsprivileged:trueuser:rootports:-8080:8080-50000:50000volumes:-./jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home-/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock-/usr/bin/docker:/usr/bin/dockerenvironment:-TZAsia/Shanghairestart:unless-stopped# 创建目录并启动mkdirjenkins_home docker compose up -d# 获取初始密码dockerexecjenkinscat/var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword1.2 初始化配置1. 访问 http://服务器IP:8080 2. 输入初始密码 3. 安装推荐插件或自定义选择 4. 创建管理员账号 5. 配置Jenkins URL1.3 必装插件插件用途Pipeline流水线支持GitGit集成Docker PipelineDocker构建支持Blue Ocean现代化UICredentials Binding凭证管理SSH AgentSSH部署安装路径 Manage Jenkins → Plugins → Available plugins二、第一个Pipeline2.1 创建Pipeline项目1. Dashboard → New Item 2. 输入名称选择Pipeline 3. 点击OK2.2 Hello World Pipelinepipeline{agent any stages{stage(Hello){steps{echoHello, Jenkins Pipeline!}}stage(Build){steps{echoBuilding...shecho Build number: ${BUILD_NUMBER}}}stage(Test){steps{echoTesting...}}stage(Deploy){steps{echoDeploying...}}}post{always{echoPipeline finished!}success{echoSuccess!}failure{echoFailed!}}}2.3 运行Pipeline1. 点击Build Now 2. 查看Console Output 3. 或使用Blue Ocean查看可视化流程三、实战Java项目CI/CD3.1 项目结构my-project/ ├── src/ ├── pom.xml ├── Dockerfile └── Jenkinsfile3.2 Jenkinsfilepipeline{agent any environment{DOCKER_REGISTRYregistry.example.comIMAGE_NAMEmy-appDEPLOY_SERVER192.168.1.100}tools{mavenMaven-3.8jdkJDK-11}stages{stage(Checkout){steps{checkout scm echoBranch: ${env.BRANCH_NAME}echoCommit: ${env.GIT_COMMIT}}}stage(Build){steps{shmvn clean compile -DskipTests}}stage(Test){steps{shmvn test}post{always{junit**/target/surefire-reports/*.xml}}}stage(Package){steps{shmvn package -DskipTestsarchiveArtifacts artifacts:target/*.jar,fingerprint:true}}stage(Docker Build){steps{script{defimageTag${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER}shdocker build -t ${imageTag} .shdocker push ${imageTag}}}}stage(Deploy){when{branchmain}steps{script{defimageTag${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER}sshagent([deploy-server-key]){sh ssh -o StrictHostKeyCheckingno user${DEPLOY_SERVER} docker pull ${imageTag} docker stop my-app || true docker rm my-app || true docker run -d --name my-app -p 8080:8080 ${imageTag} }}}}}post{success{echoPipeline succeeded!// 发送通知}failure{echoPipeline failed!// 发送告警}}}3.3 DockerfileFROM openjdk:11-jre-slim WORKDIR /app COPY target/*.jar app.jar EXPOSE 8080 ENTRYPOINT [java, -jar, app.jar]3.4 配置Git仓库1. 创建Pipeline项目 2. Pipeline → Definition: Pipeline script from SCM 3. SCM: Git 4. Repository URL: 填写Git地址 5. Credentials: 添加Git凭证 6. Branch: */main 7. Script Path: Jenkinsfile四、凭证管理4.1 添加凭证Manage Jenkins → Credentials → System → Global credentials → Add Credentials4.2 凭证类型类型用途Username with passwordGit账号、Docker RegistrySSH Username with private key服务器部署Secret textToken、API KeySecret file配置文件4.3 在Pipeline中使用pipeline{agent any stages{stage(Deploy){steps{// 方式1SSH凭证sshagent([my-ssh-key]){shssh userserver command}// 方式2用户名密码withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId:docker-registry,usernameVariable:DOCKER_USER,passwordVariable:DOCKER_PASS)]){shdocker login -u $DOCKER_USER -p $DOCKER_PASS}// 方式3Secret文本withCredentials([string(credentialsId:api-token,variable:API_TOKEN)]){shcurl -H Authorization: $API_TOKEN ...}}}}}五、多分支Pipeline5.1 创建多分支Pipeline1. New Item → Multibranch Pipeline 2. 配置Git仓库 3. Jenkins自动扫描所有分支 4. 每个分支独立构建5.2 分支策略pipeline{agent any stages{stage(Build){steps{shmvn package}}stage(Deploy to Dev){when{branchdevelop}steps{echoDeploying to dev environment...}}stage(Deploy to Staging){when{branchrelease/*}steps{echoDeploying to staging environment...}}stage(Deploy to Production){when{branchmain}steps{input message:确认部署到生产环境echoDeploying to production...}}}}六、触发器配置6.1 常用触发器pipeline{agent any triggers{// 定时构建每天凌晨2点cron(0 2 * * *)// 轮询SCM每5分钟检查一次pollSCM(H/5 * * * *)// GitLab/GitHub Webhook触发// 需要在仓库配置Webhook}stages{// ...}}6.2 Webhook配置GitLab:Settings → Webhooks → Add webhook URL: http://jenkins-server:8080/project/项目名 Trigger: Push eventsGitHub:Settings → Webhooks → Add webhook Payload URL: http://jenkins-server:8080/github-webhook/ Content type: application/json七、跨网络部署7.1 场景常见情况 - Jenkins在公司内网 - 生产服务器在云上或分部机房 - 网络不通无法SSH部署7.2 组网方案使用组网软件如星空组网打通Jenkins和部署服务器┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 组网虚拟局域网 │ │ │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ │ │ │ 公司内网 │ │ 云服务器/分部 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Jenkins │ │ 生产服务器 │ │ │ │ 10.10.0.1 │─────→│ 10.10.0.2 │ │ │ │ │ SSH │ │ │ │ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Jenkinsfile配置environment{// 使用组网IPDEPLOY_SERVER10.10.0.2}stage(Deploy){steps{sshagent([deploy-key]){sh ssh user${DEPLOY_SERVER} docker pull my-app:latest docker-compose up -d }}}优势不需要公网暴露Jenkins不需要服务器开放SSH到公网加密传输安全可靠配置简单一次设置八、Blue Ocean8.1 安装Blue OceanManage Jenkins → Plugins → 搜索Blue Ocean → Install8.2 使用Blue Ocean访问http://jenkins:8080/blue 特点 - 现代化可视化界面 - Pipeline编辑器 - 分支和PR视图 - 更好的日志展示九、常见问题9.1 构建卡住// 设置超时options{timeout(time:30,unit:MINUTES)}9.2 磁盘空间不足// 保留最近10次构建options{buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr:10))}9.3 并行构建stage(Parallel Tests){parallel{stage(Unit Tests){steps{shmvn test -Dtest*Unit*}}stage(Integration Tests){steps{shmvn test -Dtest*Integration*}}}}十、总结Jenkins CI/CD要点Docker部署最简单的部署方式Pipeline as CodeJenkinsfile版本控制凭证管理安全存储敏感信息多分支Pipeline自动化分支构建Webhook触发代码提交自动构建跨网络部署组网打通构建和部署环境最佳实践☑ Jenkinsfile放在代码仓库 ☑ 使用声明式Pipeline ☑ 合理设置构建保留策略 ☑ 配置构建通知邮件/钉钉/企微 ☑ 定期清理工作空间参考资料Jenkins官方文档https://www.jenkins.io/doc/Jenkins Pipeline语法https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/syntax/Jenkins插件中心https://plugins.jenkins.io/建议从简单的Pipeline开始逐步添加测试、部署等阶段。先跑通流程再优化细节。